![]() You now have the option of measuring everything relative to ground (the floor number) or measuring the difference in level between any two floors (the potential or voltage difference). In Europe, we agree that the ground floor is 0 or G, that floors above it are numbered positively and numbers below it are negatively. You could consider the voltage a bit like floors on a building. Depending which point we assign as reference (GND) the other points relative voltage changes. Hopefully Figure 2 makes it a bit clearer. Both halves of the winding are oriented the same way, as indicated by the dots on the coils. ![]() It's convenient to measure all voltages from there - so think of that as the point to connect the black lead of your multimeter or the earth clip of your oscilloscope.Īnd why is emf of one of them opp to the other? The ground symbol just tells us what point of the circuit we are using as reference. ![]() A centre-tapped transformer is the same as two independent secondaries connected in series (by blue wire on diagram). Simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLabįigure 1.
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